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| Geography |
| Second-smallest independent state in the world (after Holy See); almost entirely urban. |
| Location: | Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy |
| Geographic coordinates: | 43 44 N, 7 24 E |
| Area: | total: 1.95 sq km
land: 1.95 sq km
water: 0 sq kmSize comparison: about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC |
| Land Boundaries: | total: 4.4 km
border countries: France 4.4 km |
| Coastline: | 4.1 km |
| Maritime claims: | territorial sea: 12 nm |
| Climate: | Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers |
| Terrain: | hilly, rugged, rocky |
| Elevation extremes: | lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m
highest point: Mont Agel 140 m |
| Natural resources: | none |
| Land use: | arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (urban area) (2005) |
| Irrigated land: | NA |
| Natural hazards: | NA |
| Current Environment Issues: | NA |
| International Environment Agreements: | party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
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| People |
| Population: | 32,671 (July 2007 est.) |
| Age structure: | 0-14 years: 15% (male 2,514/female 2,394)
15-64 years: 62.3% (male 10,047/female 10,312)
65 years and over: 22.7% (male 3,019/female 4,385) (2007 est.) |
| Median age: | total: 45.5 years
male: 43.4 years
female: 47.4 years (2007 est.) |
| Population growth rate: | 0.386% (2007 est.) |
| Birth rate: | 9.12 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
| Death rate: | 12.92 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
| Net migration rate: | 7.65 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
| Sex ratio: | at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.974 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.688 male(s)/female
total population: 0.912 male(s)/female (2007 est.) |
| Infant mortality rate: | total: 5.27 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6.09 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.) |
| Life expectancy at birth: | total population: 79.82 years
male: 75.99 years
female: 83.85 years (2007 est.) |
| Total fertility rate: | 1.75 children born/woman (2007 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: | NA |
| HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: | NA |
| HIV/AIDS - deaths: | NA |
| Nationality: | noun: Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s)
adjective: Monegasque or Monacan |
| Ethnic groups: | French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21% |
| Religions: | Roman Catholic 90%, other 10% |
| Languages: | French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque |
| Literacy: | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99%
male: 99%
female: 99% (2003 est.) |
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| Government |
| Country name: | conventional long form: Principality of Monaco
conventional short form: Monaco
local long form: Principaute de Monaco
local short form: Monaco |
| Government type: | constitutional monarchy |
| Capital: | name: Monaco
geographic coordinates: 43 44 N, 7 25 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October |
| Administrative divisions: | none; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are four quarters (quartiers, singular - quartier); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo |
| Independence: | 1419 (beginning of rule by the House of Grimaldi) |
| National holiday: | National Day (Saint Rainier's Day), 19 November (1857) |
| Constitution: | 17 December 1962 |
| Legal system: | based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
| Suffrage: | 18 years of age; universal |
| Executive branch: | chief of state: Prince ALBERT II (since 6 April 2005)
head of government: Minister of State Jean-Paul PROUST (since 1 June 2005)
cabinet: Council of Government is under the authority of the monarch
elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by the French Government |
| Legislative branch: | unicameral National Council or Conseil National (24 seats; 16 members elected by list majority system, 8 by proportional representation; to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 9 February 2003 (next to be held February 2008)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UNAM 21, UND 3 |
| Judicial branch: | Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the monarch on the basis of nominations by the National Council) |
| Political parties and leaders: | National and Democratic Union or UND [Guy MAGNAN]; Union for Monaco or UPM (including National Union for the Future of Monaco or UNAM) |
| Political pressure groups and leaders: | NA |
| International organization participation: | ACCT, CE, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNITAR, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO |
| Diplomatic representation in the US: | chief of mission: Ambassador to the US and UN Gilles NOGHES
chancery: 565 Fifth Avenue, 3rd floor, New York, NY 10017
telephone: (212) 286-0500
FAX: (212) 286-1574 |
| Diplomatic representation from the US: | the US does not have an embassy in Monaco; the US Ambassador to France is accredited to Monaco; the US Consul General in Marseille (France), under the authority of the US ambassador to France, handles routine diplomatic and consular matters concerning Monaco |
| Executive branch: | chief of state: Prince ALBERT II (since 6 April 2005)
head of government: Minister of State Jean-Paul PROUST (since 1 June 2005)
cabinet: Council of Government is under the authority of the monarch
elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by the French Government |
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| Economy |
| Monaco, bordering France on the Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. In 2001, a major construction project extended the pier used by cruise ships in the main harbor. The principality has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, nonpolluting industries. The state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and offices. The state retains monopolies in a number of sectors, including tobacco, the telephone network, and the postal service. Living standards are high, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan areas. |
| GDP (purchasing power parity): | $976.3 million
note: Monaco does not publish national income figures; the estimates are extremely rough (2006 est.) |
| GDP (official exchange rate): | $NA |
| GDP - real growth rate: | 0.9% (2000 est.) |
| GDP - per capita (PPP): | $30,000 (2006 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector: | agriculture: 0%
industry: 4.9%
services: 95.1% (2005) |
| Labor force: | 44,000
note: includes workers from all foreign countries (2005 est.) |
| Labor force - by occupation: | |
| Unemployment rate: | 0% (2005) |
| Population below poverty line: | NA% |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share: | lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices): | 1.9% (2000) |
| Budget: | revenues: $863 million
expenditures: $920.6 million (2005 est.) |
| Public debt: | |
| Agriculture - products: | none |
| Industries: | tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products |
| Industrial production growth rate: | NA% |
| Electricity - production: | |
| Electricity - consumption: | NA kWh |
| Electricity - exports: | |
| Electricity - imports: | NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by France |
| Oil - production: | |
| Oil - consumption: | |
| Oil - exports: | |
| Oil - imports: | |
| Oil - proved reserves: | |
| Natural gas - production: | |
| Natural gas - consumption: | |
| Exports: | $716.3 million
note: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France (2005) |
| Exports - commodities: | |
| Exports - partners: | |
| Imports: | $916.1 million
note: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France (2005) |
| Imports - commodities: | |
| Imports - partners: | |
| Debt - external: | $18 billion (2000 est.) |
| Market value of publicly traded shares: | $NA |
| Currency (code): | euro (EUR) |
| Exchange rates: | euros per US dollar - 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002) |
| Fiscal year: | calendar year |
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| Communications |
| Telephones - main lines in use: | 34,000 (2005) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular: | 17,200 (2005) |
| Telephone system: | general assessment: modern automatic telephone system
domestic: NA
international: country code - 377; no satellite earth stations; connected by cable into the French communications system |
| Radio broadcast stations: | AM 1, FM NA, shortwave 8 (1998) |
| Television broadcast stations: | 5 (1998) |
| Internet country code: | .mc |
| Internet hosts: | 14,520 (2007) |
| Internet users: | 20,000 (2006) |
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| Transportation |
| Airports: | |
| Airports - with paved runways: | |
| Heliports: | 1 (2007) |
| Roadways: | total: 50 km
paved: 50 km (1999) |
| Merchant marine: | registered in other countries: 64 (Bahamas 11, Barbados 1, Georgia 10, Isle of Man 3, Liberia 8, Malta 1, Marshall Islands 7, Norway 5, Panama 11, St Kitts and Nevis 1, St Vincent and The Grenadines 6, unknown 1) (2007) |
| Ports and terminals: | Monaco |
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| Military |
| Defense is the responsibility of France; the Palace Guard performs ceremonial duties (2003) |
| Military branches: | |
| Manpower available for military service: | males age 18-49: 6,256 (2005 est.) |
| Manpower fit for military service: | males age 18-49: 4,971 (2005 est.) |
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