Northern Mariana Islands Population: 51,484
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| Background | |
| Under US administration as part of the UN Trust Territory of the Pacific, the people of the Northern Mariana Islands decided in the 1970s not to seek independence but instead to forge closer links with the US. Negotiations for territorial status began in 1972. A covenant to establish a commonwealth in political union with the US was approved in 1975, and came into force on 24 March 1976. A new government and constitution went into effect in 1978. |
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| Geography | |
| Strategic location in the North Pacific Ocean | |
| Location: | Oceania, islands in the North Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to the Philippines |
| Geographic coordinates: | 15 12 N, 145 45 E |
| Area: |
total: 464 sq km
land:
464 sq km
water:
0 sq km
note:
consists of 14 islands including Saipan, Rota, and Tinian
Size comparison: 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC |
| Land Boundaries: | 0 km |
| Coastline: | 1,482 km |
| Maritime claims: | territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm |
| Climate: | tropical marine; moderated by northeast trade winds, little seasonal temperature variation; dry season December to June, rainy season July to October |
| Terrain: | southern islands are limestone with level terraces and fringing coral reefs; northern islands are volcanic |
| Elevation extremes: | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Agrihan 965 m |
| Natural resources: | arable land, fish |
| Land use: | arable land: 13.04% permanent crops: 4.35% other: 82.61% (2005) |
| Irrigated land: | NA |
| Natural hazards: | active volcanoes on Pagan and Agrihan; typhoons (especially August to November) |
| Current Environment Issues: | contamination of groundwater on Saipan may contribute to disease; clean-up of landfill; protection of endangered species conflicts with development |
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| People | |
| Population: | 51,484 (July 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 206 |
| Age structure: | 0-14 years: 18% (male 8,372/female 7,616) 15-64 years: 80.3% (male 28,602/female 42,557) 65 years and over: 1.7% (male 786/female 729) (2009 est.) |
| Median age: | total: 30.1 years male: 32.1 years female: 29.2 years (2009 est.) |
| Population growth rate: | -7.078% (2009 est.) |
| Birth rate: | 21.97 births/1,000 population (2009 est.) |
| Death rate: | 3.05 deaths/1,000 population (July 2009 est.) |
| Net migration rate: | -89.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est.) |
| Sex ratio: | at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.67 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.08 male(s)/female total population: 0.74 male(s)/female (2009 est.) |
| Infant mortality rate: | total: 6 deaths/1,000 live births male: 6.41 deaths/1,000 live births female: 5.57 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.) |
| Life expectancy at birth: | total population: 76.7 years male: 74.08 years female: 79.47 years (2009 est.) |
| Total fertility rate: | 2.24 children born/woman (2009 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: | NA |
| HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: | NA |
| HIV/AIDS - deaths: | NA |
| Nationality: | noun: NA (US citizens) adjective: NA |
| Ethnic groups: | Asian 56.3%, Pacific islander 36.3%, Caucasian 1.8%, other 0.8%, mixed 4.8% (2000 census) |
| Religions: | Christian (Roman Catholic majority, although traditional beliefs and taboos may still be found) |
| Languages: | Philippine languages 24.4%, Chinese 23.4%, Chamorro 22.4%, English 10.8%, other Pacific island languages 9.5%, other 9.6% (2000 census) |
| Literacy: | definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 97% male: 97% female: 96% (1980 est.) |
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| Government | |
| Country name: | conventional long form: Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands conventional short form: Northern Mariana Islands abbreviation: CNMI former: Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, Mariana Islands District |
| Government type: | commonwealth; self-governing with locally elected governor, lieutenant governor, and legislature |
| Capital: | name: Saipan geographic coordinates: 15 12 N, 145 45 E time difference: UTC+10 (15 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) |
| Administrative divisions: | none (commonwealth in political union with the US); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are four municipalities at the second order: Northern Islands, Rota, Saipan, Tinian |
| Independence: | none (commonwealth in political union with the US) |
| National holiday: | Commonwealth Day, 8 January (1978) |
| Constitution: | Constitution of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands effective 1 January 1978; Covenant Agreement fully effective 4 November 1986 |
| Legal system: | based on US system, except for customs, wages, immigration laws, and taxation |
| Suffrage: | 18 years of age; universal; indigenous inhabitants are US citizens but do not vote in US presidential elections |
| Executive branch: | chief of state: President Barack H. OBAMA (since 20 January 2009); Vice President Joseph R. BIDEN (since 20 January 2009) head of government: Governor Benigno R. FITIAL (since 9 January 2006); Lieutenant Governor Eloy S. INOS (since 1 May 2009) cabinet: the cabinet consists of the heads of the 10 principal departments under the executive branch who are appointed by the governor with the advice and consent of the Senate; other members include Special Assistants to the governor and office heads appointed by and reporting directly to the governor elections: under the US Constitution, residents of unincorporated territories, such as the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, do not vote in elections for US president and vice president; however, they may vote in the Democratic and Republican party presidential primary elections; governor and lieutenant governor elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms (eligible for a second term); election last held 7 November 2009 (run-off election held on 23 November 2009) election results: percent of vote - Benigno R. FITIAL reelected with 51.4% over Heinz HOFSCHNEIDER (48.6%) in the run-off election held on 23 November 2009 |
| Legislative branch: | bicameral legislature consists of the Senate (9 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year staggered terms) and the House of Representatives (20 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve two-year terms) elections: Senate - last held 3 November 2007 (next to be held in November 2009); House of Representatives - last held 3 November 2007 (next to be held in November 2009) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Covenant Party 3, Republican Party 3, Democratic Party 1, independents 2; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Republican Party 12, Covenant Party 4, Democratic Party 1, independents 3 note: the Northern Mariana Islands elects one nonvoting delegate to the US House of Representatives; election last held 4 November 2008 (next to be held in November 2010); seats by party - independent 1 |
| Judicial branch: | Commonwealth Supreme Court; Superior Court; Federal District Court |
| Political parties and leaders: | Covenant Party [Benigno R. FITIAL]; Democratic Party [Dr. Carlos S. CAMACHO]; Republican Party [Juan S. REYES] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders: | NA |
| International organization participation: | SPC, UPU |
| Diplomatic representation in the US: | |
| Diplomatic representation from the US: | |
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| Economy | |
| The economy benefits substantially from financial assistance from the US. The rate of funding has declined as locally generated government revenues have grown. The key tourist industry employs about 50% of the work force and accounts for roughly one-fourth of GDP. Japanese tourists predominate. Annual tourist entries have exceeded one-half million in recent years, but financial difficulties in Japan have caused a temporary slowdown. The agricultural sector is made up of cattle ranches and small farms producing coconuts, breadfruit, tomatoes, and melons. Garment production is by far the most important industry with the employment of 17,500 mostly Chinese workers and sizable shipments to the US under duty and quota exemptions. | |
| GDP (purchasing power parity): | GDP (purchasing power parity): $900 million (2000 est.) note: |
| GDP (official exchange rate): | GDP (official exchange rate): $633.4 million (2000) |
| GDP - real growth rate: | |
| GDP - per capita (PPP): | GDP - per capita (PPP): $12,500 (2000 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector: | agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA% |
| Labor force: | 38,450 total indigenous labor force; 2,699 unemployed; 28,717 foreign workers (2005 est.) |
| Labor force - by occupation: | agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA% |
| Unemployment rate: | 8% (2005 est.) 3.9% (2001) |
| Population below poverty line: | NA% |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share: | lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA% |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices): | Inflation rate (consumer prices): -0.8% (2000 est.) |
| Budget: | revenues: $193 million expenditures: $223 million (FY01/02 est.) |
| Agriculture - products: | vegetables and melons, fruits and nuts, ornamental plants, livestock, poultry and eggs, fish and aquaculture products |
| Industries: | banking, construction, fishing, garment, tourism, handicrafts |
| Industrial production growth rate: | NA% |
| Electricity - production: | 60,600 kWh (January 2009) |
| Electricity - consumption: | 48,300 kWh (January 2009) |
| Electricity - exports: | 0 kWh (January 2009 est.) |
| Electricity - imports: | 0 kWh (January 2009 est.) |
| Exports: | $98.2 million (2008 est.) |
| Exports - commodities: | garments |
| Imports: | $214.4 million (2001 est.) |
| Imports - commodities: | food, construction equipment and materials, petroleum products |
| Debt - external: | $NA |
| Exchange rates: | the US dollar is used |
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| Communications | |
| Telephones in use: | 24,700 (2008) country comparison to the world: 184 |
| Cellular Phones in use: | 20,500 (2004) |
| Telephone system: | general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: country code - 1-670; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) |
| Radio broadcast stations: | AM 1, FM 6, shortwave 1 (2005) |
| Television broadcast stations: | 1 (on Saipan; in addition, 2 cable services on Saipan provide varied programming from satellite networks) (2006) |
| Internet country code: | .mp |
| Internet hosts: | 9 (2009) |
| Internet users: | |
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| Transportation | |
| Airports: | 5 (2009) country comparison to the world: 183 |
| Airports (paved runways): | total: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2009) |
| Airports (unpaved runways): | total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2009) |
| Heliports: | 1 (2009) |
| Roadways: | total: 536 km (2007) |
| Ports and terminals: | Saipan, Tinian |
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| Military | |
| Defense is the responsibility of the US | |
| Manpower fit for military service: | males age 16-49: 19,209 females age 16-49: 33,074 (2009 est.) |
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